=============== Initial Rules =============== When assigning the validation rules, you will likely want to start with the initial rules. Required -------- The field under validation must be present in the input data and not empty. .. code-block:: javascript const rules = { foo: "required", }; Sometimes --------- Run validation checks against a field only if that field is present in the data being validated. .. code-block:: javascript const rules = { foo: "sometimes", }; Nullable -------- The field under validation may be null. .. code-block:: javascript const rules = { foo: "nullable", };